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When positioning patients, the radiographer should be conscious that habitus is not associated with height or weight. Habitus is simply a classification of the four general shapes of the trunk of the human body.
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Essential anatomy 3 vs visible body professional#
Experience and professional judgment enable the radiographer to determine the correct body habitus and to judge the specific location of the organs.īody habitus is not an indication of disease or other abnormality, and it is not determined by the body fat or physical condition of the patient. Consequently, radiography of these patients can be challenging. In these two small groups (15% of the population), the placement and size of the organs significantly affect positioning and the selection of exposure factors. Radiographers must also become familiar with the two extreme habitus types: asthenic and hypersthenic. Radiographers must become thoroughly familiar with the characteristics and organ placements of these two body types. All standard radiographic positioning and exposure techniques are based on these two groups. The relative shape of patients with a sthenic or hyposthenic body habitus and the position of their organs are referred to in clinical practice as ordinary or average. The sthenic type is considered the dominant type of habitus. More than 85% of the population has either a sthenic or hyposthenic body habitus. The four major types of body habitus and their approximate frequency in the population are identified as follows: These technical considerations are described in greater detail in radiography physics and imaging texts.īox 3-1 describes specific characteristics of the four types of body habitus and outlines their general shapes and variations. The selection of kilovolt (peak) and milliampere-second exposure factors may also be affected by the type of habitus because of wide variations in physical tissue density. The standard placement and size of the IR may have to be changed because of body habitus. For one type of habitus, the gallbladder may lie directly over the detector (which is undesirable) for another, it may not even be near the detector. Contrast medium in the gallbladder may affect the automatic exposure control detector. D, Hypersthenic.īody habitus and the placement of the thoracic and abdominal organs are also important in the determination of technical and exposure factors for the appropriate radiographic density and contrast and the radiation doses. 3-9 Placement, shape, and size of lungs, heart, and diaphragm in patients with four different body habitus types.
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Imaging in several planes is often used to show large sections of anatomy ( Fig. Quality imaging requires attention to all relationships among body planes, the IR, and the central ray.īody planes are used in computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasound (US) to identify the orientation of anatomic cuts or slices shown in the procedure (Fig. The central ray for an anteroposterior (AP) projection passes through the body part parallel to the sagittal plane and perpendicular to the coronal plane. Planes can also be used to guide projections of the central ray. The midsagittal plane may be centered and perpendicular to the IR with the long axis of the IR parallel to the same plane. Planes are used in radiographic positioning to center a body part to the image receptor (IR) or central ray and to ensure that the body part is properly oriented and aligned with the IR. An oblique plane can pass through a body part at any angle among the three previously described planes (see Fig.